![]() ![]() A similar case of convergence is observed for the induction of CsLOB1 which is targeted by PthB and PthC from X. Not shown in the figure is the case of the resistance gene Xa7 that recognizes AvrXa7 but not PthXo3 that is slightly divergent from AvrXa7. The repeat variable di-residue (RVD) arrays and the number of repeats (not represented in the figure) for these three TAL effectors are significantly different, highlighting evolutionary convergence. The corresponding EBEs partially overlap with the Tal5 EBE. In addition, the OsSWEET14 promoter is targeted by two Xoo Philippine strains, PXO86 and PXO61 through the TAL effectors AvrXa7 and PthXo3. TalC and Tal5 from the two Xoo African strains BAI3 (Burkina Faso) and MAI1 (Mali) bind to two distinct effector binding elements (EBEs). Four TAL effectors from diverse Xoo strains belonging to different lineages and from distinct geographical origins target OsSWEET14. oryzae belong to Clade III of the SWEET family. Several susceptibility targets of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. TAL effectors Xanthomonas agricultural biotechnology hubs loss-of-function alleles plant disease susceptibility S genes.įunctional convergence in bacterial Transcription Activator-Like (TAL) effectors and plant targets. ![]() This article reviews our current knowledge of the susceptibility hubs targeted by Xanthomonas TAL effectors, possible evolutionary scenarios for plants to combat the pathogen with loss-of-function alleles, and how this knowledge can be used overall to develop new pathogen-informed breeding strategies and improve crop resistance. ![]() One mechanism is to avoid the binding of TAL effectors by mutations of their DNA binding sites, resulting in resistance by loss-of-susceptibility. However, plants have evolved specific strategies to counter the action of TAL effectors and confer resistance. Upon binding to the promoters of plant disease susceptibility genes in a sequence-specific manner, the expression of these host genes is induced. This particular family of type III effectors functions as specific plant transcription factors via a programmable DNA-binding domain. Many plant-pathogenic xanthomonads rely on Transcription Activator-Like (TAL) effectors to colonize their host. ![]()
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